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Everyone gets a little flustered when they meet someone they are interested in, but do you know what's really going on in your body during that encounter? Mayim Bialik, neuroscientist, star of "The Big Bang Theory," and author of the new book "Girling Up," explains the chemical process that causes you to feel all tingly inside. Following is a transcript of the video.

"Now before this goes any further, you should know that all forms of physical contact up to and including coitus are off the table."

My name is Mayim Bialik, and I play Amy Farrah Fowler on "The Big Bang Theory."

Some people know me from "Blossom." And I wrote a book called "Girling Up" that just came out.

"Girling Up" is basically an encyclopedia of all things about growing up female. Everything from chromosomes to sex and dating, how we learn, how we feed our bodies, how we cope with difficult things, and how we make an impact on the world. And I use my neuroscience background, so that it all has kind of a scientific flare to it.

One of the chapters in the book talks about, in particular, romantic intimacy, and what happens in our brains and in our bodies when we're attracted to someone.

"I'm sorry, but this is a litigious society. I'm gonna need verbal consent."

And part of what happens is that there are chemicals that your brain releases, that go through your body, and those chemicals can make you feel really, really good.

One of those is serotonin. That's a really feel-good hormone, neurohormone. And another is oxytocin. And oxytocin is also important for labor and for orgasm. It's also involved in breastfeeding.

It's a hormone that makes you feel really bonded and connected to people.

And when you really like someone, and you feel some sort of sense of infatuation, there's usually a dopamine circuit that is being activated. And dopamine is kind of a hormone and a chemical that works in a reward method. So when you're addicted to drugs, or gambling, or the love of another human being, you activate dopamine, and it is a very powerful hormone.

When you see someone that you like, your body also sends out epinephrine and adrenaline. You get things like sweaty palms, sweaty armpits, and also blushing. As your body starts shunting blood to release some of the heat that's being generated.

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Fidget spinners are everywhere these days. You can buy them on any street corner for a few dollars, and both kids and adults are obsessed with them. The companies that make these hot new gadgets claim they help relieve stress and anxiety and can help kids with ADHD focus. David Anderson, PhD, a clinical psychologist from the Child Mind Institute, shares his thoughts on spinners.

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*Editor’s note: the statements from 0:13 to 0:20 are incorrect. The shock from a stun gun is more similar to that of an electric fence. We apologize and regret the error.*

The effects that stun guns cause to your body are — literally — shocking. Following is a transcript of the video.

Stun guns don't just affect your body.
Your brain also takes a hit.
Stun guns shock you with 50,000 volts of electricity.
That's 5X stronger than the maximum voltage allowed for electric fences.

When that much electricity enters your body...
... it hijacks your nervous system.

Normally, nerve cells use electricity to send information from the brain to your body... and vice versa.
If you stub your toe, for example, neurons fire electric signals to your brain which interprets them as pain.
But the human body generates at most 100 millivolts.


When you're shocked with 500,000X that amount...
... it's like a power surge to your nerves.

The shock overwhelms your nervous system, causing your muscles to lock up.
As a result, you can't move and will likely fall down.
But mobility isn't the only thing you lose.
Your brain's ability to process new information is also impaired.
Plus, you have a harder time remembering that new information later.
Don't worry, the damage is only temporary.
Brain function returns to normal after about 1 hour.
Luckily, your body bounces back much faster.

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#StunGun #Brain #TechInsider

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Here’s How Much Damage A Stun Gun Does To Your Brain And Body | The Human Body

What happens in our body that make our veins look blue, although they are full of red blood? Following is a transcript of the video.

If our blood is red, then why do our veins look blue?

Don't be fooled, your blood is always red...
...whether it's pulsing in your veins or gushing from a wound.

Skin scatters more blue light than red.
The effect is amplified even more by an optical illusion.
Skin around the vein looks more red than the vein itself.
So, the color contrast enhances the veins' bluish hue.
Human blood is always red because of the iron in it.
The iron mixes with oxygen in your lungs, turning blood red.
But, the blood of other animals is different.
Because not all blood has the same chemical makeup.
Crustacean and spider blood has more copper than iron.
When the copper mixes with oxygen it turns blood blue.

By contrast, leech blood contains iron...
...but it's less concentrated than human blood, so it looks green.

Turns out, blood is more colorful than you might think!

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There's a giant crack in Antarctica's Larsen C ice shelf that's growing at an alarming rate. Now, scientists think they have the answer, and it points to a much bigger problem.

Before 2014, the giant crack was anything but. It barely moved from 2006 to 2014. A new study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, proposes the reason is a special type of ice called suture zones.

Suture zones are made up of a mixture between sea water and different glacial ice. That mixture makes it resilient to cracks and fractures, which is why a 3-mile-wide suture zone in the Larsen C ice shelf has been keeping cracks from moving very far for decades.

A single crack finally punched through in 2014, and it has been easily racing across the rest of the ice shelf ever since. The bigger problem is the other dozen or so fractures in the ice that could still break through.

There's no telling if or when they might happen.

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Google just announced a bunch of new features for its home assistant, Google Home. The device will now be able to make calls and set reminders, along with a few other features.

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During the mid 20th century, physicists were grappling with a perplexing puzzle. It seemed that every time they applied equations to explain fundamental properties we see and experience around us — like the mass of a particle or what happens when two particles interact with each other — they always got the same answer: infinity.

But this wasn't a result at all. It was mathematics' way of telling them that they were doing something wrong. Here, professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University and co-founder of the World Science Festival, Brian Greene, reveals the story of how physicists ultimately tackled the puzzle of infinity.

You can learn more fascinating science at this year's 10th annual World Science Festival in NYC taking place from May 30-June 4. Following is a transcript of the video:

Infinity is a way that nature, kind of, grabs you by the lapel and slaps you in the face and says, “You were doing something that doesn’t make any sense.”

So, one of the big problems that afflicted quantum mechanics is that when scientists started to do calculations with the structure, they found an answer that would pop out of the mathematics and did not make any sense.

The answer was infinity.

Almost any question that you asked, if you did the calculations, you know, “How does at a mass of a particle change?”,“How do these two particles slam into each other?”

The answer was infinite.

And infinite doesn’t mean big. So people realized that we had to find a way to deal with these infinities. Kind of get rid of them. During, I guess, it was the ’50s and ’60s, a group of scientists came up with a way of thinking about it, to got rid of the infinities.

And in essence, what they found is we were taking our equations a little too seriously.

We were pushing our equations to arbitrarily short distances. Arbitrarily high energy, where they, probably, don’t actually apply.

So what people realized is that if you cut off the equations, be more modest in how you apply them you can naturally get rid of the infinities and, in a way, still have a predictive theory.

So this is the subject of normalization in quantum field theory and that was a breakthrough that allowed us get things like the Standard Model of particle physics, which predicted the Higgs bosom that was discovered in 2012, by the Large Hadron Collider.

This is a structure, a mathematical structure that can make predictions for the properties of particles that agrees with observations to ten decimal places.

So this is, in many ways, the shining wonder of theoretical physics and without normalization, getting rid of the infinities — the structure would not fly.

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Since the iPhone 7 was announced, rumors have been circulating about what Apple will cram into its next iPhone. Here's a round up of everything we've heard that Apple might introduce in the next iPhone.

iPhone concept art courtesy of Marek Weidlich, Handy Abovergleich, and ConceptsiPhone

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We got an up-close-and-personal look at Boston Dynamic's mysterious robot, the SpotMini, at the Liberty Science Center's Genius Gala.

The SpotMini is a four-legged robot that was developed to learn what is possible with a mobile manipulation platform.

Operations lead Seth Davis gave us a little insight into what makes this dog-like robot tick. Following is a transcript of the video.

Davis: Hi, I'm Seth Davis and I'm the operations lead at Boston Dynamics. SpotMini is a four-legged
robot with an arm on it. And we developed this robot to learn what was possible with a mobile manipulation platform. So mobile in the sense that it's got four legs and it can go inside of a house or on rough terrain. And manipulation in that we use the mobile base to put the arm where we want to do work.

And then we have this arm that can actually pick up things, put them down, and do real work inside of a home, inside of a business, just out in the real world.

For demos like this, the robot is semiautomated. I'm giving it very basic commands with my Xbox controller. If I tell it to walk forward, it walks forward. The robot's making all of its own decisions about what to do with the feet. And when I move the arm, I'm just giving very basic commands to move the arm forward or back, move the arm side to side, and the robot's making all the decisions about what to do with each individual motor to make that happen. For a real-world application, you'd want that to be fully-autonomous or at least done by somebody who's not in the same location. And we're working on that right now as well.

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The shortage of baking soda solution is hitting hospitals nationwide and life-saving operations are being put on hold, the New York Times reports. A hospital in Alabama recently postponed seven open-heart operations and one doctor said that he tried mixing his own solution to combat the deficit. Besides the baking soda medicine shortage, there are currently 50 different drugs in short supply, according to the FDA.

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After 25 years, "Twin Peaks" is finally back on TV with many familiar faces from the strange, small town we all knew and loved. There's just as much mystery in the new season as before, and the two-episode premiere screamed David Lynch from start to finish. Here are some things you might not have noticed on first watch. WARNING: SPOILERS AHEAD

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Shawn Arent, the director of the Center for Health and Human Performance at Rutgers University and an American College of Sports Medicine Fellow, talks about whether you should do cardio before or after lifting and how it affects your workout. Following is a transcript of the video.

Cardio before or after weights, which one's better?

Well ideally you would actually separate the two if you were gonna do both in the same day. So for example, we know that there's some research that suggests that doing cardio in the morning and then your resistance training in the afternoon may produce the best results.

Now, if you do have to do them in the same session, which one's better? The best bet would be to do your resistance training first and your cardiovascular exercise second. One of the main reasons is because of the types of fuels you can use. Do the resistance training while you're fresh, you have more muscle glycogen. And then do aerobic exercise after where you can rely a little bit more on fat for fuel in order to do it.

When all is said and done, it probably doesn't matter a lot, and we've even done a study in our lab where we actually show that before or after weights with a previously untrained population didn't make a big difference. So if you had to pick, best bet would be to do them separately. But if you have to put them in the same session, ideally put the resistance training first and the aerobic second. Unless you just don't want to, in which case it's not going to make a big difference.

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